PETIN M.I.

              PETIN - METON calendar

Contents - http://Petin1Mikhail.narod.ru/index.htm

                         RESUME

 

   The solar Gregorian calendar, which practically functions now as a World

calendar is nevertheless perceived nowadays by the most of

our planet population only as Western or Christian calendar.

 

    The analysis a history of creation of the Gregorian calendar and of its

lacks shows the influence on it of certain subjects and phenomena.

For example, one can assert that there is the following dependence:

  

  The Bible  -  an industrial cycle (work, rest)  -  a calendar

-         Nature (the Sun, the Moon, the Earth).

 

     In recent times (IV-th century CE) Christian Church (the Bible) exerted

an influence on the calendar: a mythical industrial cycle (7-days week) was

introduced into the calendar, which is present in the calendar at the present time.

 

    There observed in Nature the cycles connected with the seen

movement of heavenly bodies (the Sun, the Moon, the Earth).

These natural cycles are reflected in a calendar. They are the

calendar basis  and are used for counting of long time intervals.

For example, the seen Sun movement defines the seasonal solar

year in the calendar, the Moon movement -  the month (lunation),

the Earth rotation  -  the sutki (day + night).

    A mythical 7-days week is absent in nature.

 

    A calendar problem, in particular, lies in the fact

that in the IV-th century CE the Roman Emperor Constantine has

wrongly introduced a 7-day week into the solar (Julian) calendar.

Unfortunately, this mistake was not corrected in 1582 by Rome

Pope Gregory XIII and by the author (reformer) Christother

Clavius while making the Julian calendar reform.

 

     The mistake of Emperor Constantine is in the inequality

between the duration of a CALENDAR month and the average

duration of the NATURAL lunar cycle (29,5305888531 sutki).

     Strictly speaking, the duration of one week should be equal to:

 

                     29,5305888531: 4 = 7,382 sutki.

 

Further, taking into account the idea, that in any calendar there can be

only the integers (fractional numbers should be approximated to

the nearest integers) it is necessary to consider, that:

                 I week = 7,38. 1 =   7,38 =   7 sutki,             i.e. 7

          I + II week = 7,38. 2 = 14,76 = 15 sutki,             i.e. 7+8 

    I + II+III week = 7.38. x 3 = 22,14 = 22 sutki,             i.e. 7+8+7         

I+II+III+IV week = 7.38. x 4 = 29,52 = 30 (or 29) sutki, i.e. 7+8+7+8(or 7).

 

Thus, the conclusion follows: For conformity the CALENDAR months

and the NATURAL lunar cycles, the following conditions should be:

      -  the calendar months (lunations) should have structures  -

           7+8+7+8 (30 sutki) and 7+8+7+7 (29 sutki),

          grouped in the Meton-cycles known from the ancient times

          (before the Julian and Gregorian calendars).

 

    The Gregorian calendar is rather accurate and widespread

but besides an erroneous 7-days week it has a number of lacks: 

        -    the duration of months is different (from 28 up to 31 days),

        -    the months of different duration alternate randomly,

-             -     the quarters of a year have different duration (from 90 to 92 days),

-             -    the first half-year period is always shorter than the second one

       (three days - in an ordinary year and two days - in a leap year),

        -    the years and months begin with different week days,

-             -   10 - 11 weeks " are split ", i.e. one part of them  belongs

to one month, the other part belongs to the other month, 

-             -     the number of working days in different months of the same

year is various (23-27 days at a six-day working week

and 19-23 days at a five-day working week),    

-             -    the dates of months are not coordinated with week days

as well as the with Moon phases,      

-             -    the calendar is not convenient for women (in a female calendar     

      the periods of the women biorhythms are close to the periods of lunar cycles),      

-              -      a non-Christian part of the Earths population (5 billion

persons from 6 billion of the total number of people on  the Earth)

criticizes the Gregorian calendar (see web-site  -    

 http://www.icacci.org/english/pages/home.html  ),    

-              -       the initial date in a calendar is only a myth, a legend, but

not the fixed astronomical phenomenon.

 

    How can all these lacks be eliminated?

 

    A New Global alendar should:

-         -   be a double calendar, i.e. a solar (seasonal) and a lunar-solar one. 

              Note. Such official STATE calendars (but with a 7-days week)

             exist now, for example, in Israel, UAE,  Saudi Arabia etc,

-          have structures of months: 7+8+7+8 (30 days) and

      7+8+7+7 (29 days),

-        -      have the initial date in a calendar as the astronomical phenomenon

      instead of myths, legends about the birthdays of prophets etc.,

-         -       be precisely synchronized (an accuracy -/+ 1.5 day) in relation

      to natural solar and natural lunar cycles,

-     be acceptable for any religion,

-     etc.

 

       For the last 200 years the calendar experts have created a lot of

projects of calendars with a 7-day's week. But all of them are as though

the curve mirrors which are not convenient to use.

       The unique project of a calendar with a flat mirror

(i.e. 7+8+7+8 and 7+8+7+7) is placed on sites:

http://CalendarPetin-Meton.narod.ru/index.htm  

http://Petin1Mikhail.narod.ru/index.htm     

 

        The new Global Calendar has a number of advantages in

comparison with the solar Gregorian or other calendars:

-      it is not required to introduce the "special" dates.

       Dates 15 and 30 of the lunar months are the same  

       usual integral days of the week, as all others,

-      the duration of months is unified - 29 and 30 days,

-       the structure of months constant and easily remembered,

-       the lengths of lunar years are reduced from six values

        up to three: 354, 355, 384 days,

-       the quantity of working days in each month  is constant (24 days

at a 6-day working week and 20 days at a 5-day working week)

-       the months, quarters of years  and years begin and finish

        at the same days of a week,

-       the dates of months and days of a week are synchronized with  phases

of the Moon (with the rotation of the Moon around the Earth), which

allows to take into account the workers efficiency in productions 

connected with the biorhythms, arising under the influence of the Moon,

-       the new calendar is more convenient for women,

 than the Gregorian Calendar,

-       all calendar cycles:

           - the sutki (day + night),

           - the lunation (lunar month),

           - the solar year,

           - the Meton cycle (19 solar years),

           - the Grand Meton cycle (6479 solar years)  - 

        correspond to the natural rotation periods of heavenly bodies

       (the Sun, the Moon, the  Earth )  relative to each other,

-      each Grand Meton cycle is attached to the precise heavenly

time reference points of  time (orientirs), i.e. the moments of

the mutual position of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth when 

the Southern solstice, the solar eclipse, midday are

simultaneously observed and when the solar eclipse will be

repeated through the lunation period.

            Such next in turn combination of mutual positions of the

        mentioned above heavenly bodies had taken place on

        December 20, 1786 with the subsequent repeated solar

        eclipse on January 19, 1787, see the web-site:

         http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEcat/SEcatalog.html   .

-      correction of discrepancy of lunar and solar years concerning

        the calendar structure and also between themselves is simple;

        it can be carried out by high precision compensating methods.

 

  The New Global PETIN-METON calendar is the answer to

a question on a calendar reform which was raised in 1953

in the United Nations under the initiative of the India delegation 

which had offered to ratify for whole of the world a new, uniform and

constant calendar, astronomically coordinated with the movement of

the Earth around the Sun which be more correct, scientifically reasonable

and favourable, as compared with the Gregorian calendar . 

    The account of lunar months and solar years in the new

PETIN-METON Calendar creates conditions for rapprochement

of religious traditions of Christians, Moslems, representatives of

Judaism, Buddhism etc., based on the most ancient observation of

the seen movements of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth.

    Being guided by the preservation of an invariance of each

religious doctrine, and also principles of friendly mutual relation,

one can hope, that spiritual academies of different countries will

consider an opportunity of application of the new solar + lunar-solar

calendar in their states as the World calendar.                                    

    Expansion of cultural, trading, technical, telecommunication

connections between peoples (especially rapid development

of the Internet-network in recent years) facilitates the calendar

reform, which is of great international value.

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      Contents - http://Petin1Mikhail.narod.ru/index.htm

Используются технологии uCoz