PETIN M.I.
PETIN - METON calendar
Contents - http://Petin1Mikhail.narod.ru/index.htm
RESUME
The solar Gregorian calendar, which practically functions now as a World
calendar is nevertheless perceived nowadays by the most of
our planet population only as Western or Christian calendar.
The analysis a history of creation of the Gregorian calendar and of its
lacks shows the influence on it of certain subjects and phenomena.
For example, one can assert that there is the following dependence:
The Bible - an industrial cycle (work, rest) - a calendar
- Nature (the Sun, the Moon, the Earth).
In recent times (IV-th century CE) Christian Church (the Bible) exerted
an influence on the calendar: a mythical industrial cycle (7-days week) was
introduced into the calendar, which is present in the calendar at the present time.
There observed in Nature the cycles connected with the seen
movement of heavenly bodies (the Sun, the Moon, the Earth).
These natural cycles are reflected in a calendar. They are the
calendar basis and are used for counting of long time intervals.
For example, the seen Sun movement defines the seasonal solar
year in the calendar, the Moon movement - the month (lunation),
the Earth rotation - the sutki (day + night).
A mythical 7-days week is absent in nature.
A calendar problem, in particular, lies in the fact
that in the IV-th century CE the Roman Emperor Constantine has
wrongly introduced a 7-day week into the solar (Julian) calendar.
Unfortunately, this mistake was not corrected in 1582 by Rome
Pope Gregory XIII and by the author (reformer) Christother
Clavius while making the Julian calendar reform.
The mistake of Emperor Constantine is in the inequality
between the duration of a CALENDAR month and the average
duration of the NATURAL lunar cycle (29,5305888531 sutki).
Strictly speaking, the duration of one week should be equal to:
29,5305888531: 4 = 7,382 sutki.
Further, taking into account the idea, that in any calendar there can be
only the integers (fractional numbers should be approximated to
the nearest integers) it is necessary to consider, that:
I week = 7,38. 1 = 7,38 = 7 sutki, i.e. 7
I + II week = 7,38. 2 = 14,76 = 15 sutki, i.e. 7+8
I + II+III week = 7.38. x 3 = 22,14 = 22 sutki, i.e. 7+8+7
I+II+III+IV week = 7.38. x 4 = 29,52 = 30 (or 29) sutki, i.e. 7+8+7+8(or 7).
Thus, the conclusion follows: For conformity the CALENDAR months
and the NATURAL lunar cycles, the following conditions should be:
- the calendar months (lunations) should have structures -
7+8+7+8 (30 sutki) and 7+8+7+7 (29 sutki),
grouped in the Meton-cycles known from the ancient times
(before the Julian and Gregorian calendars).
The Gregorian calendar is rather accurate and widespread
but besides an erroneous 7-days week it has a number of lacks:
- the duration of months is different (from 28 up to 31 days),
- the months of different duration alternate randomly,
- - the quarters of a year have different duration (from 90 to 92 days),
- - the first half-year period is always shorter than the second one
(three days - in an ordinary year and two days - in a leap year),
- the years and months begin with different week days,
- - 10 - 11 weeks " are split ", i.e. one part of them belongs
to one month, the other part belongs to the other month,
- - the number of working days in different months of the same
year is various (23-27 days at a six-day working week
and 19-23 days at a five-day working week),
- - the dates of months are not coordinated with week days
as well as the with Moon phases,
- - the calendar is not convenient for women (in a female calendar
the periods of the women biorhythms are close to the periods of lunar cycles),
- - a non-Christian part of the Earths population (5 billion
persons from 6 billion of the total number of people on the Earth)
criticizes the Gregorian calendar (see web-site -
http://www.icacci.org/english/pages/home.html ),
- - the initial date in a calendar is only a myth, a legend, but
not the fixed astronomical phenomenon.
How can all these lacks be eliminated?
A New Global alendar should:
- - be a double calendar, i.e. a solar (seasonal) and a lunar-solar one.
Note. Such official STATE calendars (but with a 7-days week)
exist now, for example, in Israel, UAE, Saudi Arabia etc,
- - have structures of months: 7+8+7+8 (30 days) and
7+8+7+7 (29 days),
- - have the initial date in a calendar as the astronomical phenomenon
instead of myths, legends about the birthdays of prophets etc.,
- - be precisely synchronized (an accuracy -/+ 1.5 day) in relation
to natural solar and natural lunar cycles,
- be acceptable for any religion,
- etc.
For the last 200 years the calendar experts have created a lot of
projects of calendars with a 7-day's week. But all of them are as though
the curve mirrors which are not convenient to use.
The unique project of a calendar with a flat mirror
(i.e. 7+8+7+8 and 7+8+7+7) is placed on sites:
http://CalendarPetin-Meton.narod.ru/index.htm
http://Petin1Mikhail.narod.ru/index.htm
The new Global Calendar has a number of advantages in
comparison with the solar Gregorian or other calendars:
- it is not required to introduce the "special" dates.
Dates 15 and 30 of the lunar months are the same
usual integral days of the week, as all others,
- the duration of months is unified - 29 and 30 days,
- the structure of months constant and easily remembered,
- the lengths of lunar years are reduced from six values
up to three: 354, 355, 384 days,
- the quantity of working days in each month is constant (24 days
at a 6-day working week and 20 days at a 5-day working week)
- the months, quarters of years and years begin and finish
at the same days of a week,
- the dates of months and days of a week are synchronized with phases
of the Moon (with the rotation of the Moon around the Earth), which
allows to take into account the workers efficiency in productions
connected with the biorhythms, arising under the influence of the Moon,
- the new calendar is more convenient for women,
than the Gregorian Calendar,
- all calendar cycles:
- the sutki (day + night),
- the lunation (lunar month),
- the solar year,
- the Meton cycle (19 solar years),
- the Grand Meton cycle (6479 solar years) -
correspond to the natural rotation periods of heavenly bodies
(the Sun, the Moon, the Earth ) relative to each other,
- each Grand Meton cycle is attached to the precise heavenly
time reference points of time (orientirs), i.e. the moments of
the mutual position of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth when
the Southern solstice, the solar eclipse, midday are
simultaneously observed and when the solar eclipse will be
repeated through the lunation period.
Such next in turn combination of mutual positions of the
mentioned above heavenly bodies had taken place on
December 20, 1786 with the subsequent repeated solar
eclipse on January 19, 1787, see the web-site:
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEcat/SEcatalog.html .
- correction of discrepancy of lunar and solar years concerning
the calendar structure and also between themselves is simple;
it can be carried out by high precision compensating methods.
The New Global PETIN-METON calendar is the answer to
a question on a calendar reform which was raised in 1953
in the United Nations under the initiative of the India delegation
which had offered to ratify for whole of the world a new, uniform and
constant calendar, astronomically coordinated with the movement of
the Earth around the Sun which be more correct, scientifically reasonable
and favourable, as compared with the Gregorian calendar .
The account of lunar months and solar years in the new
PETIN-METON Calendar creates conditions for rapprochement
of religious traditions of Christians, Moslems, representatives of
Judaism, Buddhism etc., based on the most ancient observation of
the seen movements of the Sun, the Moon, the Earth.
Being guided by the preservation of an invariance of each
religious doctrine, and also principles of friendly mutual relation,
one can hope, that spiritual academies of different countries will
consider an opportunity of application of the new solar + lunar-solar
calendar in their states as the World calendar.
Expansion of cultural, trading, technical, telecommunication
connections between peoples (especially rapid development
of the Internet-network in recent years) facilitates the calendar
reform, which is of great international value.
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Contents - http://Petin1Mikhail.narod.ru/index.htm